Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea, algomenorrhea)

Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea, algomenorrhea)

Let’s start by defining the term “menstrual pain.”

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a series of physical and emotional symptoms associated with menstruation. Among the physical symptoms, “menstrual pain,” such as cramping in the lower abdomen, is often defined using the general medical term “dysmenorrhea” (literally translated as “difficult monthly flow”). Yet the term “dysmenorrhea” is not quite as accurate as the lesser known word “algomenorrhea,” meaning “pain associated with the menstrual cycle.” Here, we will simply refer to the condition as “menstrual pain” or “painful periods.”

Symptoms

Menstrual pain generally refers to cramping (throbbing or dull pain) in the lower abdomen, which can start several days before your period or during it and in some cases even last a few days after it. Cramps can also be accompanied by one or more of the following symptoms:

  • Pain or heaviness in the legs
  • Lower back pain
  • Tender, swollen breasts
  • Headaches
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue or weakness

Risk factors

The majority of research on PMS and menstrual pain has identified the following risk factors:

  • Lack of exercise
  • Insufficient sleep
  • Smoking
  • Drinking alcohol during the menstrual period
  • Nutritional deficiencies in vitamin C, vitamin B6, calcium and magnesium
  • Consuming too much caffeine, salt, sugar and red meat
  • Carrying excess weight
  • Significant stress, anxiety
  • Early onset of puberty (before 11 years of age)
  • Use of an intrauterine device (IUD)

Prevention and treatment

Given the above list of risk factors, it is clear that preventing painful periods involves a healthy diet and lifestyle. Consuming moderate quantities of red meat, coffee (especially during menstruation), sugar and salt, getting enough sleep, exercising on a regular basis (preferably aerobic-type activities) and doing relaxation exercises are some of the solutions.

The following methods can also be used to reduce menstrual pain:

  • Heat: hot water bottle, hot bath
  • Rest
  • Mild exercise (walking, stretching, cycling, etc.)

Depending on the severity and intensity of the pain, doctors can prescribe or recommend certain options: dietary supplements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as ibuprofen, certain oral contraceptives, and in very severe cases, medication that triggers the temporary onset of menopause.

Pharmacy services

Pharmacists can provide you with valuable, detailed information on painful menstrual periods. Don’t hesitate to consult them.

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